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iarc

2023-01-12 11:59:47 暂无评论 百科资料

国际癌顶还症研究机构,从1971年起组织专家组收集和评价世界各国有关化来自学物质对人类致癌危险性的资料。

  • 中文名称 IARC
  • 外文名称 International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • 性质 国际癌症研究机构
  • 目的 化学物对人类致癌性资料

简介

  ,编辑出版《IARC关于化学物质致人类癌症危险性吃镇换复乱铁州唱评价专题论文集》,并于19块本女还为丰操路二眼末79年、 1982年和1李裂范向其发脚供穿此范987年三次组织专家组对上述专题论文集所评价的环境因子和类别、混合物及选够暴露环境对人类的致癌性进行再评价,并出版报告。自1987年专题论文集改名为《IARC关于致来自人类癌症危险性评价专题论文集》,并扩展到物理因子、生物因子致人类癌症危险性评价360百科

  IARC关于化学派吃结杨心育动剧物质致人类癌症危险性分类只与一种化学物致癌性证据的充分性(证据权重)有关,而并不涉及其致癌活性大小及其机制。IARC将化学物对人类致癌性资料(流行病学划角调查和病例报告)和对实验动物致癌性资料分为四级:致癌性证据充分、致癌性证据有限、致癌性证据不足及证据提示缺乏致癌性。对人致癌性证据充分是指在致癌物和人癌症发生之间有因果关系。致癌性证据有限是指因果关系的解释是可信的,但其他称盾更航及的解释如偶然性、偏倚、混杂因素不能完全排除。致癌性证岁得面办京殖更科关主全据不足是指资料的性质、一致性或统计学把握犯线布汽钟艺黑光露山度不足以判断因果关系或没有对人致癌性的资料。证据提示缺乏致癌性是指有几个在已知人类充运北级氧刚祖设分暴露水平范围内的研究表明暴露水平与所研究的癌症无关联。

  分类为人致癌物(组1)必须要有流行病学证据的支持。流行病学研究(队列研究和病例对照研究)试图为化学品接触与人群癌症发生(或死亡)增加的因果关系提供证据。癌症流行病学研述们感春令跟究是比较困难的,一般是在人群接触某种化学品多年之后进行,可能有很多混杂因素,并往往受到经费和时间的限制。为治疗目的给以化学品(药品)和职业性接触光尔移极凯朝县企,较易控制接触条件,但个体数和接触期限也往往受到限制。因此,实油对于很多化学品需要由动物致癌试验、短期试验等为接触此化学品的致癌危险性提供论冲她据(主要用于危害鉴定)。

其它相关

  致癌性评价标准

  实验动物致癌性资料证据评价标准:

  (1) 致癌性证据充分指确立了受试物与架扬功肿瘤发生率(恶性或恶性和良性肿瘤合计)增加的因果关系:①见于两种或两种以上动物;②一个物种但经两次或多次独立的试验(包括不同时间或不同实验室或在不搞析包介道可车光交兵同实验方案条件下);③在一个物种一次试验中,恶性肿瘤发生率、部位、肿瘤类型或发癌时间得到肯定的阳性结果。

  (2) 致癌性证据有限指资料提示有致癌作用,但在作决定性评价中证据有限:①致癌性证据限于一个试验;②在设计、实施或结果解释的合理性方面尚有疑问;③仅有良性肿瘤、未确定致癌性潜力的损伤、或该种系中此肿瘤的自发率较高。

  (3) 致癌性证据不足指资料由于重要的定性或定量上的限制,不足以证明致癌作用的存在与否,或没有实验动物致癌性的资料。

  (4) 证据提示无致癌性是指有足够的资料(至少两种种系)证明该物质无致癌性。但需指出,证据提示无致癌性的结论必然限于所研究的种系、肿瘤部位和暴露剂量水平。

  致癌物分类

  IARC根据对人类和对实验动物致癌性资料,以及在实验系统和人类其他有关的资料(包括癌前病变、肿瘤病理学、遗传毒性、结构-活性关系,代谢和动力学,理化参数及同类的生物因子)进行综合评价,将环境因子和类别、混合物及暴露环境与人类癌症的关系分为下列五类四组:

  第一类:致癌

  组1,对人类是致癌物。对人类致癌性证据充分者属于本组。如吸烟和二手烟。

  第二类:很可能致癌

  组2,对人类是很可能或可能致癌物。又分为两组,即组2A和组2B。

  组2A,对人类很可能(probably)是致癌物,指对人类致癌性证据有限。对实验动物致癌性证据充分。如生产艺术玻璃、常用电吹风的理发师。

  第三类:可能致癌

  组2B,对人类是可能(possible)致癌物,指对人类致癌性证据有限,对实验动物致癌性证据并不充分;或指对人类致癌性证据不足,对实验动物致癌性证据充分。

  第四类:未知

  组3,现有的证据不能对人类致癌性进行分类。

  第五类:很可能不致癌

  组4,对人类可能是非致癌物。

  致癌物五类明细表

  IARC专家组在2010年1月最新报告对834种环境因子和类别、混合物及暴露环境与人类癌症关系评价结果,

  其中组1有100种,组2A有68种,组2B有246种,组3有516种,组4有1种。

  IARC对化学物质引起人类癌症危险性评价,是目前公认的权威性资料。在要了解某种化学物的致癌性时,应首先查阅IARC的资料(网址http:193.51.164.11/monoeval/crthgr01.html)。

  毒理学网 2010年1月12日

  Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans

  Group 1: Carcinogenic to humans (100)

  Agents and groups of agents

  4-Aminobiphenyl [92-67-1] (Vol. 1, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Arsenic [7440-38-2] and arsenic compounds (Vol. 23, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB:

  This evaluation applies to the group of compounds as a whole and not

  necessarily to all individual compounds within the group)

  Asbestos [1332-21-4] (Vol. 14, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Azathioprine [446-86-6] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Benzene [71-43-2] (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Benzidine [92-87-5] (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Benzo[a]pyrene [50-32-8] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 1 based on mechanistic and

  other relevant data)

  Beryllium [7440-41-7] and beryllium compounds (Vol. 58; 1993)

  N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-naphthylamine (Chlornaphazine) [494-03-1] (Vol.

  4, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Bis(chloromethyl)ether [542-88-1] and chloromethyl methyl ether [107-30-2]

  (technical-grade)

  (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  1,4-Butanediol dimethanesulfonate (Busulphan; Myleran) [55-98-1] (Vol. 4,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Cadmium [7440-43-9] and cadmium compounds (Vol. 58; 1993)

  Chlorambucil [305-03-3] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (Methyl-CCNU;

  Semustine) [13909-09-6] (Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Chromium[VI] (Vol. 49; 1990)

  Ciclosporin [79217-60-0] (Vol. 50; 1990)

  Cyclophosphamide [50-18-0] [6055-19-2] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Diethylstilboestrol [56-53-1] (Vol. 21, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Epstein-Barr virus (Vol. 70; 1997)

  Erionite [66733-21-9] (Vol. 42, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy (combined) (Vol. 72, Vol. 91; in

  preparation)

  Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined) (Vol. 72, Vol. 91; in

  preparation)

  (NB: There is also convincing evidence in humans that these agents confer

  a protective effect against cancer in the endometrium and ovary)

  Estrogens, nonsteroidal (Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: This evaluation applies to

  the group of compounds as a whole and not necessarily to all individual

  compounds within the group)

  Estrogens, steroidal (Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: This evaluation applies to

  the group of compounds as a whole and not necessarily to all individual

  compounds within the group)

  Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal (Vol. 72; 1999)

  Ethylene oxide [75-21-8] (Vol. 60; 1994) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2A to 1 with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Etoposide [33419-42-0] in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin (Vol.

  76; 2000)

  Formaldehyde [50-00-0] (Vol. 88; 2006)

  Gallium arsenide [1303-00-0] (Vol. 86; 2006)

  [Gamma Radiation: see X- and Gamma (g)-Radiation]

  Helicobacter pylori (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994)

  Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with) (Vol. 59; 1994)

  Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with) (Vol. 59; 1994)

  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with) (Vol. 67; 1996)

  Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59

  and 66 (Vol. 64, Vol. 90; in preparation) (NB: The HPV types that have

  been classified as carcinogenic to humans can differ by an order of

  magnitude in risk for cervical cancer)

  Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (Vol. 67; 1996)

  Melphalan [148-82-3] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  8-Methoxypsoralen (Methoxsalen) [298-81-7] plus ultraviolet A radiation

  (Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents (Suppl.

  7; 1987)

  Mustard gas (Sulfur mustard) [505-60-2] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2-Naphthylamine [91-59-8] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Neutrons (Vol. 75; 2000) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 1

  with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Nickel compounds (Vol. 49; 1990)

  N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) [16543-55-8] and

  4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) [64091-91-4]

  (Vol. 37, Suppl. 7, Vol. 89; in preparation) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 1 based on mechanistic and other relevant data)

  [Oestrogen: see Estrogen]

  Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994)

  [Oral contraceptives, combined estrogen-progestogen: see

  Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined)]

  Oral contraceptives, sequential (Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Phosphorus-32, as phosphate (Vol. 78; 2001)

  Plutonium-239 and its decay products (may contain plutonium-240 and other

  isotopes), as aerosols (Vol. 78; 2001)

  Radioiodines, short-lived isotopes, including iodine-131, from atomic

  reactor accidents and nuclear weapons detonation (exposure during

  childhood) (Vol. 78; 2001)

  Radionuclides, a-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Vol. 78; 2001)

  (NB: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for

  carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)

  Radionuclides, b-particle-emitting, internally deposited (Vol. 78; 2001)

  (NB: Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for

  carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents)

  Radium-224 and its decay products (Vol. 78; 2001)

  Radium-226 and its decay products (Vol. 78; 2001)

  Radium-228 and its decay products (Vol. 78; 2001)

  Radon-222 [10043-92-2] and its decay products (Vol. 43, Vol. 78; 2001)

  Schistosoma haematobium (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994)

  Silica [14808-60-7], crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartz or

  cristobalite from occupational sources) (Vol. 68; 1997)

  Solar radiation (Vol. 55; 1992)

  Talc containing asbestiform fibres (Vol. 42, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Tamoxifen [10540-29-1] (Vol. 66; 1996) (NB: There is also conclusive

  evidence that tamoxifen reduces the risk of contralateral breast cancer)

  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin [1746-01-6] (Vol. 69; 1997) (NB:

  Overall evaluation upgraded from 2A to 1 with supporting evidence from

  other relevant data)

  Thiotepa [52-24-4] (Vol. 50; 1990)

  Thorium-232 and its decay products, administered intravenously as a

  colloidal dispersion of thorium-232 dioxide (Vol. 78; 2001)

  Treosulfan [299-75-2] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Vinyl chloride [75-01-4] (Vol. 19, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  X- and Gamma (g)-Radiation (Vol. 75; 2000)

  Mixtures

  Aflatoxins (naturally occurring mixtures of) [1402-68-2] (Vol. 56, Vol.

  82; 2002)

  Alcoholic beverages (Vol. 44; 1988)

  Areca nut (Vol. 85; 2004) (NB: Overall evaluation based on human data,

  animal data, and mechanistic and other relevant data)

  Betel quid with tobacco (Vol. 85; 2004)

  Betel quid without tobacco (Vol. 85; 2004)

  Coal-tar pitches [65996-93-2] (Vol. 35, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Coal-tars [8007-45-2] (Vol. 35, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Herbal remedies containing plant species of the genus Aristolochia (Vol.

  82; 2002)

  Household combustion of coal, indoor emissions from (Vol. 95; in

  preparation)

  Mineral oils, untreated and mildly treated (Vol. 33, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Phenacetin, analgesic mixtures containing (Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Salted fish (Chinese-style) (Vol. 56; 1993)

  Shale-oils [68308-34-9] (Vol. 35, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Soots (Vol. 35, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Tobacco烟草, smokeless (Vol. 37, Suppl. 7, Vol. 89; in preparation)

  Wood dust (Vol. 62; 1995)

  Exposure circumstances

  Aluminium production (Vol. 34, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Arsenic in drinking-water (Vol. 84; 2004)

  Auramine, manufacture of (Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Boot and shoe manufacture and repair (Vol. 25, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Chimney sweeping (Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Coal gasification (Vol. 34, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Coal-tar distillation (Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Coke production (Vol. 34, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Furniture and cabinet making (Vol. 25, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Haematite mining (underground) with exposure to radon (Vol. 1, Suppl. 7;

  1987)

  Involuntary smoking (exposure to secondhand or 'environmental' tobacco

  smoke) (Vol. 83; 2004)

  Iron and steel founding (Vol. 34, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Isopropyl alcohol manufacture (strong-acid process) (Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Magenta, manufacture of (Vol. 57; 1993)

  Painter (occupational exposure as a) (Vol. 47; 1989)

  Paving and roofing with coal-tar pitch (Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Rubber industry (Vol. 28, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid (occupational

  exposure to) (Vol. 54; 1992)

  Tobacco smoking吸烟and tobacco smoke二手烟(Vol. 83; 2004)

  Last updated: 13 December 2006

  Group 2A: Probably carcinogenic to humans(68)

  Agents and groups of agents

  Acrylamide [79-06-1] (Vol. 60; 1994) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Adriamycin [23214-92-8] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Androgenic (anabolic) steroids (Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Aristolochic acids (naturally occurring mixtures of) (Vol. 82; 2002)

  Azacitidine [320-67-2] (Vol. 50; 1990) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Benzidine-based dyes (Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU) [154-93-8] (Vol. 26, Suppl.7; 1987)

  1,3-Butadiene [106-99-0] (Vol. 71; 1999)

  Captafol [2425-06-1] (Vol. 53; 1991) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Chloramphenicol [56-75-7] (Vol. 50; 1990) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  a-Chlorinated toluenes (benzal chloride [98-87-3], benzotrichloride

  [98-07-7], benzyl chloride [100-44-7]) and benzoyl chloride [98-88-4]

  (combined exposures) (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) [13010-47-4](Vol. 26,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence

  from other relevant data)

  4-Chloro-ortho-toluidine [95-69-2] (Vol. 77; 2000)

  Chlorozotocin [54749-90-5] (Vol. 50; 1990) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Cisplatin [15663-27-1] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Clonorchis sinensis (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Cyclopenta[cd]pyrene [27208-37-3] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in

  preparation) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with

  supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Dibenz[a,h]anthracene [53-70-3] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in

  preparation) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with

  supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene [191-30-0] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence

  from other relevant data)

  Diethyl sulfate [64-67-5] (Vol. 54, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride [79-44-7] (Vol. 12, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence

  from other relevant data)

  1,2-Dimethylhydrazine [540-73-8] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB:

  Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from

  other relevant data)

  Dimethyl sulfate [77-78-1] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB:

  Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from

  other relevant data)

  Epichlorohydrin [106-89-8] (Vol. 11, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB:

  Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from

  other relevant data)

  Ethylene dibromide [106-93-4] (Vol. 15, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB:

  Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from

  other relevant data)

  N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea [759-73-9] (Vol. 17, Suppl.7; 1987) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Etoposide [33419-42-0] (Vol. 76; 2000) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Glycidol [556-52-5] (Vol. 77; 2000) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Indium phosphide [22398-80-7] (Vol. 86; 2006) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 2A)

  IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) [76180-96-6] (Vol. 56; 1993)

  (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence

  from other relevant data)

  Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (Vol. 70; 1997)

  Lead compounds, inorganic (Vol. 87; 2006)

  5-Methoxypsoralen [484-20-8] (Vol. 40, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  4,4′-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) [101-14-4] (Vol.57; 1993)

  (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence

  from other relevant data)

  Methyl methanesulfonate [66-27-3] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence

  from other relevant data)

  N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) [70-25-7] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7;

  1987) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting

  evidence from other relevant data)

  N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea [684-93-5] (Vol. 17, Suppl.7; 1987) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Nitrate or nitrite (ingested) under conditions that result in endogenous

  nitrosation (Vol. 94; in preparation)

  Nitrogen mustard [51-75-2] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-Nitrosodiethylamine [55-18-5] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  N-Nitrosodimethylamine [62-75-9] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Phenacetin [62-44-2] (Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Procarbazine hydrochloride [366-70-1] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB:

  Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from

  other relevant data)

  Styrene-7,8-oxide [96-09-3] (Vol. 60; 1994) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Teniposide [29767-20-2] (Vol. 76; 2000) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Tetrachloroethylene [127-18-4] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  ortho-Toluidine [95-53-4] (Vol. 77; 2000)

  Trichloroethylene [79-01-6] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  1,2,3-Trichloropropane [96-18-4] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate [126-72-7] (Vol. 20, Suppl. 7, Vol.

  71;1999) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting

  evidence from other relevant data)

  Ultraviolet radiation A (Vol. 55; 1992) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Ultraviolet radiation B (Vol. 55; 1992) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Ultraviolet radiation C (Vol. 55; 1992) (NB: Overall evaluation

  upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Vinyl bromide [593-60-2] (Vol. 39, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB:

  Overall evaluation upgraded from 2B to 2A with supporting evidence from

  other relevant data)

  Vinyl fluoride [75-02-5] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  Mixtures

  Creosotes [8001-58-9] (Vol. 35, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Diesel engine exhaust (Vol. 46; 1989)

  High-temperature frying, emissions from (Vol. 95; in preparation)

  Hot mate (Vol. 51; 1991)

  Household combustion of biomass fuel (primarily wood), indoor emissions

  from (Vol. 95; in preparation)

  Non-arsenical insecticides (occupational exposures in spraying and

  application of) (Vol. 53; 1991)

  Polychlorinated biphenyls [1336-36-3] (Vol. 18, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Exposure circumstances

  Art glass, glass containers and pressed ware (manufacture of) (Vol. 58;

  1993)

  Carbon electrode manufacture (Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide (Vol. 86; 2006)

  Hairdresser or barber (occupational exposure as a) (Vol. 57; 1993)

  Petroleum refining (occupational exposures in) (Vol. 45; 1989)

  Sunlamps and sunbeds (use of) (Vol. 55; 1992)

  Last updated: 29 November 2006

  Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans (246)

  Agents and groups of agents

  A-a-C (2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole) [26148-68-5] (Vol. 40, Suppl. 7;

  1987)

  Acetaldehyde [75-07-0] (Vol. 36, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Acetamide [60-35-5] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Acrylonitrile [107-13-1] (Vol. 71; 1999)

  AF-2 [2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide] [3688-53-7] (Vol.31,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Aflatoxin M1 [6795-23-9] (Vol. 56; 1993)

  para-Aminoazobenzene [60-09-3] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  ortho-Aminoazotoluene [97-56-3] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole [712-68-5] (Vol. 7, Suppl.

  7; 1987)

  Amsacrine [51264-14-3] (Vol. 76; 2000)

  ortho-Anisidine [90-04-0] (Vol. 73; 1999)

  Antimony trioxide [1309-64-4] (Vol. 47; 1989)

  Aramite? [140-57-8] (Vol. 5, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Auramine [492-80-8] (technical-grade) (Vol. 1, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Azaserine [115-02-6] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Aziridine [151-56-4] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Benz[j]aceanthrylene [202-33-5] (Vol. 92; in preparation) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B with supporting mechanistic and other

  relevant data)

  Benz[a]anthracene [56-55-3] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Benzo[b]fluoranthene [205-99-2] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in

  preparation)

  Benzo[j]fluoranthene [205-82-3] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in

  preparation)

  Benzo[k]fluoranthene [207-08-9] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in

  preparation)

  Benzofuran [271-89-6] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  Benzo[c]phenanthrene [195-19-7] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in

  preparation) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B with

  supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Benzyl violet 4B [1694-09-3] (Vol. 16, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol [3296-90-0] (Vol. 77; 2000)

  Bleomycins [11056-06-7] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Bracken fern (Vol. 40, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Bromodichloromethane [75-27-4] (Vol. 52, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) [25013-16-5] (Vol. 40, Suppl. 7;1987)

  b-Butyrolactone [3068-88-0] (Vol. 11, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Caffeic acid [331-39-5] (Vol. 56; 1993)

  Carbon black [1333-86-4] (Vol. 65, Vol. 93; in preparation)

  Carbon tetrachloride [56-23-5] (Vol. 20, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Catechol [120-80-9] (Vol. 15, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Chlordane [57-74-9] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Chlordecone (Kepone) [143-50-0] (Vol. 20, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Chlorendic acid [115-28-6] (Vol. 48; 1990)

  para-Chloroaniline [106-47-8] (Vol. 57; 1993)

  3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone [77439-76-0] (Vol.

  84; 2004)

  Chloroform [67-66-3] (Vol. 73; 1999)

  1-Chloro-2-methylpropene [513-37-1] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  Chlorophenoxy herbicides (Vol. 41, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine [95-83-0] (Vol. 27, Suppl.7; 1987)

  Chloroprene [126-99-8] (Vol. 71; 1999)

  Chlorothalonil [1897-45-6] (Vol. 73; 1999)

  Chrysene [218-01-9] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  CI Acid Red 114 [6459-94-5] (Vol. 57; 1993)

  CI Basic Red 9 [569-61-9] (Vol. 57; 1993)

  CI Direct Blue 15 [2429-74-5] (Vol. 57; 1993)

  Citrus Red No. 2 [6358-53-8] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Cobalt [7440-48-4] and cobalt compounds (Vol. 52; 1991) (NB: Evaluated

  as a group)

  Cobalt sulfate [10026-24-1] and other soluble cobalt(II) salts (Vol. 86;

  2006)

  para-Cresidine [120-71-8] (Vol. 27, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Cycasin [14901-08-7] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Dacarbazine [4342-03-4] (Vol. 26, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Dantron (Chrysazin; 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone) [117-10-2] (Vol. 50; 1990)

  Daunomycin [20830-81-3] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  DDT [p,p'-DDT, 50-29-3] (Vol. 53; 1991)

  N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine [613-35-4] (Vol. 16, Suppl.7; 1987)

  2,4-Diaminoanisole [615-05-4] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether [101-80-4] (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2,4-Diaminotoluene [95-80-7] (Vol. 16, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Dibenz[a,h]acridine [226-36-8] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Dibenz[a,j]acridine [224-42-0] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole [194-59-2] (Vol. 32, Suppl.7; 1987)

  Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene [189-64-0] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene [189-55-9] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane [96-12-8] (Vol. 20, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol [96-13-9] (Vol. 77; 2000)

  Dichloroacetic acid [79-43-6] (Vol. 84; 2004)

  para-Dichlorobenzene [106-46-7] (Vol. 73; 1999)

  3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine [91-94-1] (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether [28434-86-8] (Vol. 16,Suppl. 7;

  1987)

  1,2-Dichloroethane [107-06-2] (Vol. 20, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) [75-09-2] (Vol. 71; 1999)

  1,3-Dichloropropene [542-75-6] (technical-grade) (Vol. 41, Suppl.7, Vol.

  71; 1999)

  Dichlorvos [62-73-7] (Vol. 53; 1991)

  1,2-Diethylhydrazine [1615-80-1] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Diglycidyl resorcinol ether [101-90-6] (Vol. 36, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Dihydrosafrole [94-58-6] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Diisopropyl sulfate [2973-10-6] (Vol. 54, Vol. 71; 1999)

  3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (ortho-Dianisidine) [119-90-4] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7;

  1987)

  para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene [60-11-7] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  trans-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole

  [25962-77-0] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2,6-Dimethylaniline (2,6-Xylidine) [87-62-7] (Vol. 57; 1993)

  3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (ortho-Tolidine) [119-93-7] (Vol.1, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  1,1-Dimethylhydrazine [57-14-7] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  3,7-Dinitrofluoranthene [105735-71-5] (Vol. 65; 1996)

  3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene [22506-53-2] (Vol. 65; 1996)

  1,6-Dinitropyrene [42397-64-8] (Vol. 46; 1989)

  1,8-Dinitropyrene [42397-65-9] (Vol. 46; 1989)

  2,4-Dinitrotoluene [121-14-2] (Vol. 65; 1996)

  2,6-Dinitrotoluene [606-20-2] (Vol. 65; 1996)

  1,4-Dioxane [123-91-1] (Vol. 11, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Disperse Blue 1 [2475-45-8] (Vol. 48; 1990)

  1,2-Epoxybutane [106-88-7] (Vol. 47, Vol. 71; 1999) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B with supporting evidence from other

  relevant data)

  Ethyl acrylate [140-88-5] (Vol. 39, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Ethylbenzene [100-41-4] (Vol. 77; 2000)

  Ethyl methanesulfonate [62-50-0] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  [Foreign bodies: see Surgical implants and other foreign bodies]

  2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole [3570-75-0] (Vol. 7,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Fumonisin B1 [116355-83-0] (Vol. 82; 2002)

  Furan [110-00-9] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole) [67730-11-4]

  (Vol. 40, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole)[67730-10-3] (Vol. 40,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Glycidaldehyde [765-34-4] (Vol. 11, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Griseofulvin [126-07-8] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  HC Blue No. 1 [2784-94-3] (Vol. 57; 1993)

  Heptachlor [76-44-8] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Hexachlorobenzene [118-74-1] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Hexachloroethane [67-72-1] (Vol. 73; 1999)

  Hexachlorocyclohexanes (Vol. 20, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Hexamethylphosphoramide [680-31-9] (Vol. 15, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (infection with) (Vol. 67; 1996)

  Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 (Vol. 90; in preparation)

  Human papillomavirus genus beta (some types) (Vol. 90; in preparation)

  Hydrazine [302-01-2] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  1-Hydroxyanthraquinone [129-43-1] (Vol. 82; 2002)

  Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene [193-39-5] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in

  preparation)

  Iron-dextran complex [9004-66-4] (Vol. 2, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Isoprene [78-79-5] (Vol. 60, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Lasiocarpine [303-34-4] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Lead [7439-92-1] (Vol. 23, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Magenta [632-99-5] (containing CI Basic Red 9) (Vol. 57; 1993)

  Magnetic fields (extremely low-frequency) (Vol. 80; 2002)

  MeA-a-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole) [68006-83-7] (Vol. 40,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Medroxyprogesterone acetate [71-58-9] (Vol. 21, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) [77094-11-2] (Vol. 56;

  1993)

  MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) [77500-04-0] (Vol.

  56; 1993)

  Merphalan [531-76-0] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine) [75-55-8] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71;

  1999)

  Methylazoxymethanol acetate [592-62-1] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  5-Methylchrysene [3697-24-3] (Vol. 32, Suppl. 7, Vol. 92; in preparation)

  4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline) [838-88-0] (Vol. 4, Suppl.7; 1987)

  4,4'-Methylenedianiline [101-77-9] (Vol. 39, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Methylmercury compounds (Vol. 58; 1993) (NB: Evaluated as a group)

  2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone [129-15-7] (uncertain purity) (Vol.27,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethane [615-53-2] (Vol. 4, Suppl.7; 1987)

  Methylthiouracil [56-04-2] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Metronidazole [443-48-1] (Vol. 13, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Microcystin-LR [101043-37-2] (Vol. 94; in preparation) (NB: Overall

  evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B based on mechanistic and other relevant

  data)

  Mirex [2385-85-5] (Vol. 20, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Mitomycin C [50-07-7] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Mitoxantrone [65271-80-9] (Vol. 76; 2000)

  Monocrotaline [315-22-0] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-oxazolidinone

  [3795-88-8] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Nafenopin [3771-19-5] (Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Naphthalene [91-20-3] (Vol. 82; 2002)

  Nickel, metallic [7440-02-0] and alloys (Vol. 49; 1990)

  Niridazole [61-57-4] (Vol. 13, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Nitrilotriacetic acid [139-13-9] and its salts (Vol. 73; 1999) (NB:

  Evaluated as a group)

  5-Nitroacenaphthene [602-87-9] (Vol. 16, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2-Nitroanisole [91-23-6] (Vol. 65; 1996)

  Nitrobenzene [98-95-3] (Vol. 65; 1996)

  6-Nitrochrysene [7496-02-8] (Vol. 46; 1989)

  Nitrofen [1836-75-5] (technical-grade) (Vol. 30, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  2-Nitrofluorene [607-57-8] (Vol. 46; 1989)

  1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-imidazolidinone [555-84-0] (Vol.7,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide [531-82-8] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7;

  1987)

  Nitrogen mustard N-oxide [126-85-2] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7;1987)

  Nitromethane [75-52-5] (Vol. 77; 2000)

  2-Nitropropane [79-46-9] (Vol. 29, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  1-Nitropyrene [5522-43-0] (Vol. 46; 1989)

  4-Nitropyrene [57835-92-4] (Vol. 46; 1989)

  N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine [924-16-3] (Vol. 17, Suppl.7; 1987)

  N-Nitrosodiethanolamine [1116-54-7] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7, Vol. 77; 2000)

  N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine [621-64-7] (Vol. 17, Suppl.7; 1987)

  3-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile [60153-49-3] (Vol. 85; 2004)

  N-Nitrosomethylethylamine [10595-95-6] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine [4549-40-0] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-Nitrosomorpholine [59-89-2] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-Nitrosopiperidine [100-75-4] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-Nitrosopyrrolidine [930-55-2] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  N-Nitrososarcosine [13256-22-9] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Ochratoxin A [303-47-9] (Vol. 56; 1993)

  Oil Orange SS [2646-17-5] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Oxazepam [604-75-1] (Vol. 66; 1996)

  Palygorskite (attapulgite) [12174-11-7] (long fibres, > 5 micrometres)

  (Vol. 68; 1997)

  Panfuran S [794-93-4] (containing dihydroxymethylfuratrizine)

  (Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Phenazopyridine hydrochloride [136-40-3] (Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Phenobarbital [50-06-6] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Phenolphthalein [77-09-8] (Vol. 76; 2000)

  Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [63-92-3] (Vol. 24, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Phenyl glycidyl ether [122-60-1] (Vol. 47, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Phenytoin [57-41-0] (Vol. 66; 1996)

  PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) [105650-23-5] (Vol.

  56; 1993)

  Polychlorophenols and their sodium salts (mixed exposures) (Vol. 41,

  Suppl. 7, Vol. 53, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Ponceau MX [3761-53-3] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Ponceau 3R [3564-09-8] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Potassium bromate [7758-01-2] (Vol. 73; 1999)

  Progestins (Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Progestogen-only contraceptives (Vol. 72; 1999)

  1,3-Propane sultone [1120-71-4] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  b-Propiolactone [57-57-8] (Vol. 4, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Propylene oxide [75-56-9] (Vol. 60; 1994)

  Propylthiouracil [51-52-5] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Refractory ceramic fibres (Vol. 43, Vol. 81; 2002)

  Riddelliine [23246-96-0] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7, Vol. 82; 2002)

  Safrole [94-59-7] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Schistosoma japonicum (infection with) (Vol. 61; 1994)

  Sodium ortho-phenylphenate [132-27-4] (Vol. 73; 1999)

  Special-purpose fibres such as E-glass and '475' glass fibres (Vol. 81;

  2002)

  Sterigmatocystin [10048-13-2] (Vol. 10, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Streptozotocin [18883-66-4] (Vol. 17, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Styrene [100-42-5] (Vol. 60, 82; 2002)

  Sulfallate [95-06-7] (Vol. 30, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Surgical implants and other foreign bodies (Vol. 74; 1999):

  - Polymeric implants prepared as thin smooth film (with the exception of

  poly(glycolic acid))

  - Metallic implants prepared as thin smooth films

  - Implanted foreign bodies of metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an

  alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium and 7% iron

  Tetrafluoroethylene [116-14-3] (Vol. 19, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Tetranitromethane [509-14-8] (Vol. 65; 1996)

  Thioacetamide [62-55-5] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  4,4'-Thiodianiline [139-65-1] (Vol. 27, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Titanium dioxide [13463-67-7] (Vol. 47, Vol. 93; in preparation)

  Thiouracil [141-90-2] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Toluene diisocyanates [26471-62-5] (Vol. 39, Suppl. 7, Vol. 71; 1999)

  Trichlormethine (Trimustine hydrochloride) [817-09-4] (Vol. 50; 1990)

  Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole)[62450-06-0] (Vol.

  31, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole)[62450-07-1] (Vol. 31,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Trypan blue [72-57-1] (Vol. 8, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Uracil mustard [66-75-1] (Vol. 9, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Urethane [51-79-6] (Vol. 7, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Vanadium pentoxide [1314-62-1] (Vol. 86; in preparation)

  Vinyl acetate [108-05-4] (Vol. 63; 1995)

  4-Vinylcyclohexene [100-40-3] (Vol. 60; 1994)

  4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide [106-87-6] (Vol. 60; 1994)

  Zalcitabine [7481-89-2] (Vol. 76; 2000)

  Zidovudine (AZT) [30516-87-1] (Vol. 76; 2000)

  Mixtures

  Bitumens [8052-42-4], extracts of steam-refined and air-refined (Vol. 35,

  Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Carrageenan [9000-07-1], degraded (Vol. 31, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Chlorinated paraffins of average carbon chain length C12 and average

  degree of chlorination approximately 60% (Vol. 48; 1990)

  Coffee (urinary bladder) (Vol. 51; 1991) (NB: There is some evidence of

  an inverse relationship between coffee drinking and cancer of the large

  bowel; coffee drinking could not be classified as to its carcinogenicity

  to other organs)

  Diesel fuel, marine (Vol. 45; 1989) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded

  from 3 to 2B with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Engine exhaust, gasoline (Vol. 46; 1989)

  Fuel oils, residual (heavy) (Vol. 45; 1989)

  Gasoline (Vol. 45; 1989) (NB: Overall evaluation upgraded from 3 to 2B

  with supporting evidence from other relevant data)

  Pickled vegetables (traditional in Asia) (Vol. 56; 1993)

  Polybrominated biphenyls [Firemaster BP-6, 59536-65-1] (Vol. 41, Suppl. 7;

  1987)

  Toxaphene (Polychlorinated camphenes) [8001-35-2] (Vol. 79; 2001)

  Toxins derived from Fusarium moniliforme: fumonisin B1 and B2 and fusarin

  C (Vol. 56; 1993)

  Welding fumes (Vol. 49; 1990)

  Exposure circumstances

  Carpentry and joinery (Vol. 25, Suppl. 7; 1987)

  Cobalt metal without tungsten carbide (Vol. 86; 2006)

  Dry cleaning (occupational exposures in) (Vol. 63; 1995)

  Printing processes (occupational exposures in) (Vol. 65; 1996)

  Talc-based body powder (perineal use of) (Vol. 93; in preparation)

  Textile manufacturing industry (work in) (Vol. 48; 1990)

  Last updated: 20 December 2006

  Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (516)

  Group 4: Probably not carcinogenic to humans (1) 中文翻译:

  总体评价致癌物质

  第1组:对人类致癌(100)

  代理和代理组

  4 - 氨基联苯[92-67-1](第1卷,增刊,1987年)

  砷[7440-38-2]和砷的化合物(第23卷增刊1987)(注:

  此评价适用的化合物的族群作为一个整体,而不是

  不一定所有组内的单个化合物)

  石棉[1332-21-4](第14卷增刊1987)

  硫唑嘌呤[446-86-6](第26卷增刊1987)

  苯[71-43-2](第29卷增刊1987)

  联苯胺[92-87-5](第29卷增刊1987)

  苯并[a]芘[50-32-8](7增刊第32卷,第92,在准备)

  (注:升级总体评价基于机械和2B 1

  其他相关数据)

  铍[7440-41-7]和铍的化合物(第58卷,1993年)

  N,N-双(2 - 氯乙基)-2 - 萘胺(Chlornaphazine)[494-03-1](第

  4,增刊。7 1987)

  二(氯甲基)醚[542-88-1]和氯甲基甲基醚[107-30-2]

  (工业级)

  (第4卷增刊1987年)

  1,4 - 丁二醇二甲(白消安,马利兰)[55-98-1](第4卷,

  增刊。7 1987)

  镉[7440-43-9]和镉化合物(第58卷,1993年)

  苯丁酸氮芥[305-03-3](第26卷增刊1987)

  1 - (2 - 氯乙基)-3 - (4 - 甲基环己基)-1 - 亚硝基脲(甲基CCNU;

  司莫司汀)[13909-09-6](增刊7,1987)

  铬[六](卷49,1990)

  环孢素[79217-60-0](卷50,1990)

  环磷酰胺[50-18-0] [6055-19-2](7增刊第26卷,1987年)

  己烯雌酚[56-53-1](第21卷增刊7,1987)

  Epstein-Barr病毒(第70卷,1997年)

  毛沸石[66733-21-9](第42卷增刊7 1987)

  雌 - 孕激素治疗更年期(合并)(第72,第91;

  准备中)

  雌 - 孕激素口服避孕药(联合)(第72卷,第91卷;

  准备中)

  (注:也有令人信服的证据,这些药物在人类赋予

  一个保护作用,对子宫内膜癌和卵巢)

  雌激素,非甾体类(增刊7,1987)(注:该评估适用

  作为一个整体,不一定所有个人组化合物

  在组内的化合物)

  雌激素,类固醇(增刊7,1987)(注:该评估适用

  作为一个整体,不一定所有个人组化合物

  在组内的化合物)

  雌激素治疗,绝经后(第72卷,1999年)

  环氧乙烷[75-21-8](卷60,1994年)(注:升级的总体评价

  与其他相关数据的支持证据2A至1)

  依托泊苷[33419-42-0]结合顺铂,博莱霉素(第

  76,2000)

  甲醛[50-00-0](卷88,2006)

  砷化镓[1303-00-0](卷86,2006)

  [伽玛辐射:X-和γ(G)辐射]

  幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori感染)(第61卷,1994年)

  B型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)(第59卷,1994年)

  丙型肝炎病毒(慢性感染)(第59卷,1994年)

  人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(感染)(第67卷1996)

  人类乳头状瘤病毒16型,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59

  66(第64卷,第90卷在准备中)(注:HPV型别有

  被列为对人类致癌的顺序不同

  子宫颈癌的风险幅度)

  人类T细胞白血病病毒I型(第67卷1996)

  美法仑[148-82-3](第9卷,增刊。7 1987)

  8 - 甲氧基(甲氧沙林)[298-81-7]加紫外线的辐射

  (第24卷增刊1987年)

  MOPP和其他联合化疗方案,包括烷化剂(增刊

  7 1987)

  芥子气(芥子气)[505-60-2](第9卷,增刊。7,1987)

  2 - 萘胺[91-59-8](第4卷,增刊。7; 1987)

  中子(第75卷,2000年)(注:从2B到1升级的总体评价

  从其他相关数据的支持证据)

  镍化合物(第49卷,1990年)

  N'-亚硝基降烟碱(NNN)[16543-55-8]和

  4 - (N-亚硝基甲氨)-1 - (3 - 吡啶基) - 1 - 丁酮(NNK)[64091-91-4]

  (第37卷增刊。7卷89;筹备中)(NB:整体评价

  机械及其他相关数据的基础上,从2B升级)

  [雌激素:雌激素]

  Opisthorchis泰国肝吸虫(感染)"(第61卷,1994年)

  [口服避孕药,雌 - 孕激素:

  雌 - 孕激素口服避孕药(组合)]

  序贯口服避孕药,(增刊1987)

  32磷,磷酸盐(第78卷,2001)

  钚-239及其衰变产物(可能含有钚240和其他

  同位素),为气溶胶(第78卷,2001)

  Radioiodines,短寿命同位素,包括碘-131,从原子

  反应堆事故和核武器引爆(曝光期间

  童年)(第78卷,2001)

  放射性核素,一个粒子发射,内部沉积(第78卷,2001年)

  (注:具体的放射性核素有足够的证据

  致癌物质也单独列出作为集团1剂)

  B-粒子发光,放射性核素,内部沉积(第78卷,2001年)

  (注:具体的放射性核素有足够的证据

  致癌物质也单独列出作为集团1剂)

  镭224和它的衰变产物(第78卷,2001)

  镭-226及其衰变产物(第78卷,2001)

  镭228和它的衰变产物(第78卷,2001)

  氡-222 [10043-92-2]和它的衰变产物(第43卷,第78卷,2001年)

  血吸虫(感染)(第61卷,1994年)

  二氧化硅[14808-60-7],结晶(的形式吸入石英或

  方石英职业源)(第68卷,1997年)

  太阳辐射(第55卷,1992年)

  滑石粉中含有石棉纤维(7增刊第42卷,1987年)

  他莫昔芬[10540-29-1](卷66,1996)(注:也有确凿

  证据表明,他莫昔芬降低对侧乳腺癌的风险)

  2,3,7,8 - 四氯二苯并 - 对 - 二恶英(第69卷,1997)[1746-01-6](NB:

  总体评价升级为2A至1支持证据

  其他相关数据)

  塞替派[52-24-4](卷50,1990)

  钍-232及其衰变产物,作为静脉给药

  胶态分散体的钍-232氧化钛(第78卷,2001年)

  Treosulfan [299-75-2](第26卷增刊1987)

  氯乙烯[75-01-4](第19卷增刊7 1987)

  X-和γ(G)辐射(第75卷2000)

  混合物

  黄曲霉毒素(自然发生的混合物)[1402-68-2](第56卷。

  82,2002)

  含酒精的饮料(第44; 1988)

  槟榔(第85卷,2004年)(注:总体评价是基于人类数据,

  动物数据,机械和其他相关数据)

  槟榔与烟草(2004年第85期;)

  无烟草的槟榔(2004年第85期;)

  煤沥青[65996-93-2](第35卷增刊1987)

  煤炭焦油[8007-45-2](7增刊第35卷,1987年)

  草药含有马兜铃属植物物种(第

  82,2002)

  住户燃烧的煤,室内排放量(第95;

  准备中)

  矿物油,未处理和轻度处理(第33卷增刊7 1987)

  非那西丁,镇痛混合物(增刊1987)

  咸鱼(中国式)(第56卷1993)

  页岩油[68308-34-9](第35卷增刊1987年)

  Soots(7增刊第35卷,1987年)

  烟草,无烟烟草(第37卷增刊。7,第89,在准备)

  木粉尘(第62卷,1995)

  曝光的情况下

  铝的生产(7增刊第34卷,1987年)

  饮用水中的砷(2004年第84期;)

  碱性嫩黄,制造(增刊1987)

  引导和鞋制造与维修(第25卷增刊。7,1987)

  扫烟囱(第92,在准备)

  煤炭气化(7增刊第34卷,第92,在准备)

  煤焦油蒸馏(第92,在准备)

  焦炭生产(第34卷增刊。7,第92卷,在准备)

  家具和内阁决策(第25卷增刊1987年)

  赤铁矿开采(地下)与暴露于氡气(第1卷,增刊。7;

  1987)

  非自愿吸烟(暴露于二手烟"环境"烟草

  烟)(2004年第83期)

  钢铁成立(7增刊第34卷,1987年)

  异丙醇制造(强酸工艺)(特刊7 1987)

  洋红,制造(第57卷,1993年)

  画家(作为一个职业暴露)(第47卷1989)

  煤焦油沥青(第92铺筑和屋面筹备中)

  橡胶工业(7增刊第28卷,1987年)

  强无机酸雾,含有硫酸(职业

  曝光)(第54卷,1992年)

  吸烟吸烟和烟草烟雾二手烟(卷83,2004)

  最后更新2006年12月13日

  2A组:可能对人类致癌(68)

  代理和代理组

  丙烯酰胺[79-06-1](卷60,1994)(注:升级的总体评价

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  阿霉素[23214-92-8](第10卷增刊7; 1987)(注:整体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  雄激素类固醇(蛋白同化)(增刊7; 1987)

  马兜铃酸(自然发生的混合物)(2002年第82期;)

  阿扎胞苷[320-67-2](卷50,1990)(注:升级的总体评价

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  基于联苯胺染料(增刊1987)(注:升级的总体评价

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  Bischloroethyl亚硝脲(BCNU)[154-93-8](第26卷,Suppl.7; 1987)

  1,3 - 丁二烯[106-99-0](卷71,1999)

  敌菌丹[2425年6月1日](卷53,1991)(注:升级的总体评价

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  氯霉素[56-75-7](卷50,1990)(NB:整体评价

  从2B升级至2A,与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  一氯化甲苯(苄叉氯化物[98-87-3],三氯甲苯

  [98-07-7],苄基氯[100-44-7])和苯甲酰氯[98-88-4]

  (合并曝光)(第29卷,增刊。7卷71,1999)

  1 - (2 - 氯乙基)-3 - 环己基-1 - 亚硝脲(CCNU)[13010-47-4](第26卷,

  增刊。7 1987)

  (注:升级2B 2A总体评价与支持证据

  从其他相关数据)

  4 - 氯 - 邻 - 甲苯胺[95-69-2](第77,2000)

  Chlorozotocin [54749-90-5](卷50,1990)(NB:整体评价

  从2B升级至2A,与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  顺铂[15663-27-1](7增刊第26卷,1987年)(NB:整体评价

  从2B升级至2A,与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  华支睾吸虫(感染)(第61卷,1994年)(注:总体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  环戊[CD]芘[27208-37-3](第32卷增刊。7,第92;

  准备)(注:升级的总体评估从2B到2A

  从其他相关数据的支持证据)

  二苯并[A,H]蒽[53-70-3](第32卷增刊。7,第92;

  准备)(注:升级的总体评估从2B到2A

  从其他相关数据的支持证据)

  二苯并[A,L]芘[191-30-0](第32卷增刊。7卷92;筹备中)

  (注:升级2B 2A总体评价与支持证据

  从其他相关数据)

  硫酸二乙酯[64-67-5](第54卷,第71卷,1999年)(注:整体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  二甲氨基甲酰氯[79-44-7](第12卷增刊。7,第71卷,1999年)

  (注:升级2B 2A总体评价与支持证据

  从其他相关数据)

  1,2 - 二甲基肼[540-73-8](第4卷,第71卷,1999年增刊。7)(注:

  从2B升级的总体评价2A与支持证据

  其他相关数据)

  硫酸二甲酯[77-78-1](第4卷,第71卷,1999年增刊。7)(注:

  从2B升级的总体评价2A与支持证据

  其他相关数据)

  环氧氯丙烷[106-89-8](第11卷增刊。7,第71卷,1999年)(注:

  从2B升级的总体评价2A与支持证据

  其他相关数据)

  二溴乙烯[106-93-4](7增刊第15卷,第71,1999年)(注:

  从2B升级的总体评价2A与支持证据

  其他相关数据)

  N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲[759-73-9](第17卷,Suppl.7 1987)(注:总体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  依托泊苷[33419-42-0](卷76,2000)(注:升级的总体评价

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  环氧丙醇[556-52-5](卷77,2000)(注:升级的总体评价

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  磷化铟[22398-80-7](卷86,2006)(NB:整体评价

  升级从2B,2A)

  IQ(2 - 氨基-3 - 甲基咪唑并[4,5-f〕喹啉)[76180-96-6](第56卷,1993)

  (注:升级2B 2A总体评价与支持证据

  从其他相关数据)

  卡波济氏肉瘤疱疹病毒/人类疱疹病毒8(第70卷,1997)

  铅化合物,无机(2006年第87期)

  5 - 甲氧基[484-20-8](7增刊第40卷,1987年)(注:整体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  4,4' - 亚甲基双(2 - 氯苯胺)(MOCA)[101-14-4](57卷,1993年)

  (注:升级2B 2A总体评价与支持证据

  从其他相关数据)

  甲基甲磺酸[66-27-3](第7卷,增刊。7,第71卷,1999年)

  (注:升级2B 2A总体评价与支持证据

  从其他相关数据)

  N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)[70-25-7](第4卷,增刊。7;

  1987)(注:支持升级2B 2A的总体评价

  从其他相关数据的证据)

  N-甲基-N-亚硝基脲[684-93-5](第17卷,Suppl.7 1987)(注:总体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐(摄入)的条件下,导致内源性

  亚硝化(第94;准备)

  氮芥[51-75-2](第9卷,增刊。7 1987)

  N-亚硝基二乙胺[55-18-5](7增刊第17卷,1987年)(注:总体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  N-亚硝基二甲胺[62-75-9](7增刊第17卷,1987年)(注:总体

  从2B,2A评估升级从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  非那西丁[62-44-2](第24卷增刊1987)

  甲基苄肼盐酸盐[366-70-1](7增刊第26卷,1987年)(注:

  从2B升级的总体评价2A与支持证据

  其他相关数据)

  苯乙烯-7,8 - 氧化物[96-09-3](第60期,1994年)(NB:整体评价

  从2B升级至2A,与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  替尼泊苷[29767-20-2](卷76,2000)(NB:整体评价

  从2B升级至2A,与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  四氯乙烯[127-18-4](卷63,1995)

  邻甲苯胺[95-53-4](卷77,2000)

  三氯乙烯[79-01-6](卷63,1995)

  1,2,3 - 三氯丙烷[96-18-4](第63卷,1995年)

  三(2,3 - 二溴丙基)磷酸酯[126-72-7](第20卷,增刊,卷7。

  71,1999年)(注:支持升级2B 2A的总体评价

  从其他相关数据的证据)

  紫外线A(第55卷,1992年)(注:总体评价升级

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  紫外线辐射B(第一卷55,1992)(注:升级的总体评价

  从2B 2A与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  紫外线辐射C(第55卷,1992年)(NB:整体评价

  从2B升级至2A,与其他相关数据的支持证据)

  溴乙烯[593-60-2](第39卷增刊。7,第71卷,1999年)(注:

  从2B升级的总体评价2A与支持证据

  其他相关数据)

  氟乙烯[75-02-5](第63卷,1995年)

  混合物

  [8001-58-9](7增刊第35卷,第92卷,准备Creosotes)

  柴油发动机排气(第46卷1989)

  高温煎炸的排放量(第95,在准备)

  热队友(第51卷,1991年)

  住户燃烧生物质燃料(主要是木材),室内排放

  (第95,在准备)

  非含砷杀虫剂(喷涂和职业暴露

  应用第53卷)(1991)

  多氯联苯[1336-36-3](第18卷增刊1987)

  曝光的情况下

  艺术玻璃,玻璃容器和压制洁具(制造)(第58;

  1993)

  碳电极制造(第92,在准备)

  金属钴碳化钨(第86卷,2006)

  理发店或理发(一)职业暴露(第57卷,1993年)

  石油炼制(职业暴露)(第45卷,1989年)

  太阳灯和日光浴床(使用)(第55卷,1992)

  最后更新:2006年11月29日

  2B组:可能对人类致癌(246)

  代理和代理组

  AAC(2 - 氨基-9H-吡啶并[2,3-b]吲哚)[26148-68-5](第40卷,增刊7;

  1987)

  乙醛[75-07-0](第36卷增刊。7,第71卷,1999年)

  乙酰胺[60-35-5](第7卷,增刊。7,第71卷,1999年)

  丙烯腈[107-13-1](卷71,1999)

  AF-2 [2 - (2 - 呋喃基)-3 - (5 - 硝基-2 - 呋喃基)丙烯酰胺] [3688-53-7](31卷,

  增刊。7 1987)

  黄曲霉毒素M1 [6795-23-9](卷56,1993)

  对氨基偶氮苯[60-09-3](第8卷,增刊。7 1987)

  邻氨基偶氮甲苯[97-56-3](第8卷,增刊。7 1987)

  2 - 氨基-5 - (5 - 硝基-2 - 呋喃基)-1,3,4 - 噻二唑[712-68-5](第7卷,增刊。

  7 1987)

  吖啶[51264-14-3](卷76,2000)

  邻氨基苯甲醚[90-04-0](第73卷,1999年)

  三氧化二锑[1309-64-4](卷47,1989)

  Aramite?[140-57-8](第5卷,增刊。7 1987)

  碱性嫩黄[492-80-8](工业级)(第1卷,增刊。7 1987)

  重氮乙酰丝氨酸[115-02-6](7增刊第10卷,1987年)

  氮丙啶[151-56-4](第9卷,第71卷,1999年增刊。7)(注:总体

  从3升级到2B评估从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  奔驰[J]醋蒽烯[202-33-5](第92,在准备中)(注:整体

  从3升级到2B评估与配套机械及其他

  相关数据)

  苯并[a]蒽[56-55-3](7增刊第32卷,第92,在准备)

  苯并[b]荧蒽[205-99-2](第32卷,增刊7,卷92;

  准备中)

  苯并[J]荧蒽[205-82-3](第32卷增刊。7,第92;

  准备中)

  苯并[K]荧蒽[207-08-9](第32卷增刊。7,第92;

  准备中)

  苯并呋喃[271-89-6](卷63,1995)

  苯并[c]菲[195-19-7](第32卷增刊。7,第92页;

  准备)(注:从3升级到2B的总体评价

  从其他相关数据的支持证据)

  苄基紫4B [1694-09-3](第16卷增刊1987)

  2,2 - 二(溴甲基)丙烷-1,3 - 二醇[3296-90-0](第77卷,2000)

  博莱霉素[11056-06-7](第26卷增刊1987)(注:总体

  从3升级到2B评估从其他证据支持

  相关数据)

  蕨菜(第40卷增刊7 1987)

  一溴二氯甲烷[75-27-4](第52卷,第71卷,1999年)

  丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)[25013-16-5](第40卷增刊1987)

  纺织制造业(工作)"(第48卷,1990年)

  最后更新2006年12月20日

  第3组:不可归为致癌物质(516)

  第4组:可能不会对人类致癌(1)

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